Causes of infertility
Infertility affects 1 in 6 couples. Understanding the cause is the first step toward effective, targeted treatment. We investigate both partners simultaneously.
Female factors
- 01
PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome disrupts ovulation and hormone balance — the most treatable form of female infertility.
- 02
Endometriosis
Affects up to 30% of infertile women. Endometriotic deposits impair egg quality, tubal function and implantation.
- 03
Diminished ovarian reserve
Age-related or genetic decline in egg quantity/quality. AMH and antral follicle count guide treatment urgency.
- 04
Uterine conditions
Fibroids, polyps, septa and adhesions can distort the uterine cavity or impair endometrial blood flow.
- 05
Tubal factors
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes from prior infection, ectopic pregnancy or endometriosis prevent natural fertilisation.
- 06
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages. Causes include thrombophilia, uterine anomalies and immune dysfunction.
Male factors
- 01
Sperm production disorders
Oligospermia (low count) or azoospermia (no sperm) — genetic, hormonal or structural in origin.
- 02
Sperm function problems
Poor motility, abnormal morphology or high DNA fragmentation impair fertilisation capacity.
- 03
Hormonal imbalances
Testosterone deficiency, elevated FSH/LH or hyperprolactinaemia disrupt spermatogenesis.
“In up to 25% of cases, no cause is found after thorough investigation. 'Unexplained infertility' still responds well to IVF/ICSI.”
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